魏太尉王凌与侄子、兖州刺史令狐愚掌重兵淮南,谋立楚王曹彪为帝。嘉平三年(251)王凌以讨孙吴的名义发兵,并派杨弘说兖州刺史黄华共同举事。司马懿率领中军征讨杨弘、黄华的告发。见事败,王凌降于丘头(今河南沈丘东南),饮药自杀。正元二年(255)魏扬州刺史文钦、镇东将军吴起兵寿春(今安徽寿县),称太后诏书要求司马师,率军渡淮,进入项县(今河南沈丘)。司马师率军征兵10万元,大破淮南军。文钦逃进孙吴,因为没有丘俭被杀。甘露二年(257)魏征东将军诸葛诞反对寿春,向孙吴称臣,攻占淮河南北县。26万司马昭督军征讨。诸葛诞三年(258)正月被杀。到目前为止,支持曹魏皇室的武装力量已基本消灭。
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影响
这三次兵变的失败,使司马氏成功铲除了支持魏帝的势力。此后,朝廷上很少有实力派支持魏帝,士大夫纷纷支持司马氏,司马昭成功走上篡位大道。甘露五年(260年),甘露发生变化,曹尚不愿被控制,率臣反抗司马昭,最终被司马昭、贾充、成济杀害。咸熙二年(265年),司马昭死后不久,其子司马炎篡魏称帝,建立西晋,曹魏灭亡。
评价
西晋历史学家陈寿提到淮南三叛和后钟会之乱。他评论道:“王凌的节格还是不错的,但他才知道。诸葛诞严厉威严,钟会精练策数,咸以显名,致兹荣任。他们都有远大的抱负,不担心灾难。他们变成了发动机和宗族。他们不是很可笑!”
东晋历史学家伏涛在《淮南论》对淮南三叛的评价中说:“至彦云、仲恭、公休之徒,或凭宿名或父前功,握兵淮楚,力制东夏,是一个多难的世界,依然值得废兴,谋非所议,相系祸败。”
宋代史学家郑樵认为:“晋史党晋没有魏,凡忠于魏者,目为叛臣,王凌、诸葛诞、无丘俭之徒,抱屈黄壤。”
宋代学者王应林认为,王凌、无丘俭、诸葛生是“节义之臣、巨奸之臣”,并评论道:“如果王凌以寿春欲朱懿而不克,文钦、无丘俭以淮南欲朱师而不遂,诸葛生则以寿春欲朱昭而不成。
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元朝学者郝静认为淮南三叛的名字是“晋朝大臣尊重晋朝的雄心壮志”,并评价说:“王凌的欲望是废除邪恶,建立宗子,澄清王室,大臣的节日。·······················································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································································
清朝学者姜宸英认为,曹魏忠臣只有不丘节俭,王凌和诸葛诞各有私心。他评论道:“魏忠臣只有不丘仲恭一人。王彦云的事迹还在影响之间。诸葛诞以疑谋叛,其死也是合适的。如果你忠于魏室,你就不会开始节俭和崇拜,成为司马之势。”
清朝考据学家何焯称三人为三贤,称赞道:“至于三贤,是皇室,事连不就,而典午的势头越来越重,所有人的终结都是国家的终结,所以次于此。”
淮南三叛如何评价?淮南三叛的影响是什么?